KERALA 

 Kerala /ˈkɛrələ/, regionally referred to as Keralam (കേരളം), is a state in the south-west region of India on the Malabar coast. It was formed on 1 November 1956 as per the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam-speaking regions. Spread over 38,863 km² (15,005 sq mi) it is bordered by Karnataka to the north and north east, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 census, Kerala is the twelfth largest state by population and is divided into 14 districts. Malayalam (മലയാളം) is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. The state capital is Thiruvananthapuram, other major cities include Kochi, Kozhikode, Kollam and Thrissur.

The region was a prominent spice exporter from 3000 BCE to 3rd century. The Chera Dynasty was the first powerful kingdom based in Kerala, though it frequently struggled against attacks from the neighbouring Cholas and Pandyas. During the Chera period Kerala remained an international spice trading center. Later, in the 15th century, the lucrative spice trade attracted Portuguese traders to Kerala, and eventually paved the way for the European colonisation of the whole of India. After independence,Travancore and Cochin joined the Republic of India and Travancore-Cochin was given the status of a state. Later, the state was formed in 1956 by merging the Malabar district, Travancore-Cochin (excluding four southern taluks), and the taluk of Kasargod,South Kanara.

                                           BY;AVANTHIKARAJESH

                                                                The Ball

       Life is like a ball that aims tall    

     If it has enough force, it Bounches high,

 If the force is little, it dies down.

           We’ re like these balls

         And we need some force

        To bounce high in our lives.

                              by avanthika rajesh

Harishchandra, in Hindu religious texts is the 36th king of theSolar Dynasty, Surya Maharishi Gothram (See: Vivasvan). His legend is very popular and often told as a benchmark for an ideal life. He was renowned for his piety and justice. His name is Sanskritfor "having golden splendour". Harishchandra had two unique qualities. The first being, he kept his word and never went back on what he uttered as a promise. The other being, he never uttered a lie in his life.These twin qualities were tested heavily in his life by various circumstances that led him to penury and separation from his family. But he stood to his principles in the face of all ordeals and persevered to become a symbol of courage.

BY AVANTHIKARAJESH

STREAMS

The God gifted you to nature
with many beautiful creatures
making all the way you pass
gay with your bass
fluttering in breeze
you make the air cool we wheeze
you starts your journey from mountains
making beautiful fountains
flowing over pebbles
you make the water in you trouble
then down the deep rock you go
splashing water as you flow
making rainbows in sun light
pleasing everyone those who fight
when you get on to plains
utter silence you gains
when you pass by fields
you zig-zag and glides
by the jutting soil
you look so fierce at the time
and snails coil
you go on and on
through the field of corn
at last i see
you merge in the sea
all your beautiful memories
are now my memorable summary.........

by Geethika Sathyanathan

50 YEARS AFTER THE FIRST ROCKET            LAUNCH IN INDIA          

It's 50 years today since India launched its first rocket from Thumba

Thursday, Nov 21, 2013, 14:10 IST | Place: THIRUVANANTHAPURAM | Agency: PTI

The Union Government took the first step in its space programme in August 1961 by entrusting the Department of Atomic Energy with the task of conducting space research and peaceful uses of outer space.

Source: Wordpress

India today entered the golden jubilee of the launch of its first rocket from the sylvan settings of the coastal hamlet of Thumba near here, marking the decisive step of the country's space odyssey which has witnessed landmarks like Chandrayaan and Mars mission. The sleepy palm-fringed village became part of modern India's quest to scale dizzying heights of scientific research when an American-built rocket Nike-Apache was fired on November 21, 1963.

The launch site in due course came to be known as Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launch Station (TERLS) and later became Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), a major centre of ISRO named after pioneer of Indian space programme Vikram Sarabhai.

It was Sarabhai who gathered a team of young scientists and engineers for the mission and sent them to the US for hands-on training in sounding rockets.His early recruits included former President APJ Abdul Kalam. According to scientists, Thumba was identified for locating the launch station as the magnetic equator passes through South Kerala making it an ideal spot for the launch.

The Union Government took the first step in its space programme in August 1961 by entrusting the Department of Atomic Energy with the task of conducting space research and peaceful uses of outer space.

In 1962, a national committee on space research was formed under the chairmanship of Sarabhai for carrying on the mission and the next year on November 21 the first sounding rocket, a US-built Nike Apache was launched from Thumba. The launch facility was prepared by shifting several fishermen families from Thumba to an adjacent coastal stretch with the then Catholic Bishop playing a vital role in persuading the villagers. A church in the locality has been retained as such and later converted into a space museum.

BY: DEVASOORYA

                                                        जवाहरलाल नेहरू 

पंडित जवाहरलाल नेहरु स्वतंत्रता संग्राम के अग्रणी नेता और स्वतंत्र भारत के प्रथम प्रधानमंत्री थे। उस्का जन्म १४ नवंबर ,सन १८८९ के इलहाबाद में हुआ ठसा।  उनका पिता का नाम पंडित मोतीलाल नरहरु था , जो अपने समय से         वकील और धनदाय व्यक्ति थे। उसका माता का नाम स्वरूपरानी था। नेहरूजी कि शिक्षा घर पर ही थी। उचित शिक्षा के लिए वे इंग्लैंड गए और बैरिस्टर बनकर भारत लौटे। उनका विवाह श्रीमती कमला से हुए। उनकी पुत्री इंदिरा गाँधी थी ,जो भारत कि प्रधानमंत्री बनी।  

SREELAKSHMI
VII

                                                     होली 

भारत में होली एक धार्मिक एवं सामाजिक पर्व माना जाता है। रंगोँ का त्योहार जीवन में उमंग भर देते है। यह त्योहार फाल्गुनी मास कि पूर्णिमा को मनाया जाता है। ऐसे माना जाता है कि हिरण्यकश्यप के बहन होलिका अपने भाई के कहने पर प्रह्लाद को अपने गोद में लेकर आग में बैठ गई थी। होलिका को वरदान मिला हुआ था कि अग्नि उसका कुछ नहीं बिगाड़ सकती। लेकिन वरदान का भी जब दुरुपयोग हो तो वह शाप में परिवर्तित हो जाता है। जब आग लगाई गई ,तो प्रह्लाद सकुशल बच गया और होलिका जल गई। प्रह्लाद कि बचने कि खुशी में अगले दिन रंगो कि फुहारो से उत्सव मनाया गया। तभी से होली का त्योहार धूमधाम से मनाया जाता है। 

SREELAKSHMI
VII

  

MOTHER

The first sight that I saw,

The first scent that I felt,

The first word that I spelled,

was you mother

A single tear drop in my eyes,

penetrate deep in your heart

one cute smile on my face,

make your heart jump out of pleasure

for you i am your treasure

you are my friend,

you are my companion,

but i don't want you as my shadow

that hides in the darkness

I want you as a firefly

that make my night glow as morning

My first step that i took,

was with your hands to support

and for whole of my life

this support will never withdrew

Mom you are goddesses

with thousand hands

managing everything 

within seconds,

you are an idol of mercy

you punishes me,

with a lot of love in your heart

Mom, you are truth

of this universe....

the whole world

bow the head before you

you are my cooler in summer,

you are my sweater in winter,

you are my umbrella in rains....

even the world change,

seasons change,

people change,

you never change

Mom, you are my confidence,

my energy, my soul.

you resides in my heart and I in yours

you are a gift for me from God

you are nature's finest creation

your one touch,

one word, one look

vanishes bitter memories from me

you really is a wonder

no words in this world 

can describe you mom 

nothing is there in this universe

to compare with you mom

you are magic

you are my heart

you are my soul

and you are my life

My soul want nothing 

other than you and

your love............


by Geethika...

 

                                         KALIDASA

 

Kalidasa  the greatest of the sanskrit dramatists, and the first great name in Sanskrit literature after Ashvaghoshha. In the intervening three centuries between Asvaghosha (who had a profound influence on the poet) and Kalidasa there was some literary effort, but nothing that could compare with the maturity and excellence of Kalidasa's poetry. Virtually no facts are known about his life, although colourful legends abound. Physically handsome, he was supposed to have been a very dull child, and grew up quite uneducated. Through the match-making efforts of a scheming minister he was married to a princess who was ashamed of his ignorance and coarseness. Kalidasa (Kall's slave), an ardent worshipper of Kali, called upon his goddess to help him, and was rewarded with sudden gifts of wit and sense. He became the most brilliant of the `nine gems' at the court of Vikramaditya of Ujjain. There is strong reason to believe that Kalidasa was of foreign origin. His name is unusual, and even the legend suggests that it was adopted. The stigma attaching to the suffix `dasa' (slave) was very strong, and orthodox Hindus avoided its use. His devotion to the brahminical creed of his time may betray the zeal of a convert. Remarkably enough, Indian tradition has no reliable data concerning one of its greatest poets, whereas there is a fund of information both historical and traditional about hundreds of lesser literary luminaries. Kalidasa was well acquainted with contemporary sciences and arts, including politics and astronomy. His knowledge of scientific astronomy was manifestly gleaned from Greek sources, and altogether he appears to have been a product of the great synthesis of Indian and barbarian peoples and cultures that was taking place in north-western India in his day. Dr S. Radhakrishnan says, `Whichever date we adopt for him we are in the realm of reasonable conjecture and nothing more. Kalidasa speaks very little of himself, and we cannot therefore be sure of his authorship of many works attributed to him. We do not know any details of his life. Numerous legends have gathered round his name, which have no historical value' (II, p. ii). The apocryphal story that he ended his days in Ceylon, and died at the hands of a courtesan, and that the king of Ceylon in grief burned himself to death, is not accepted by his biographers. Listed below are the chief works attributed to Kalidasa. Shaakuntal, with a theme borrowed from the Mahabharata, is a drama in seven acts, rich in creative fancy. It is a masterpiece of dramatic skill and poetic diction, expressing tender and passionate sentiments with gentleness and moderation, so lacking in most Indian literary works. It received enthusiastic praise from Goethe. Malavikaagnimitra (Malavika and Agnimitra) tells the story of the love of Agnimitra of Vidisha, king of the Shungas, for the beautiful handmaiden of his chief queen. In the end she is discovered to be of royal birth and is accepted as one of his queens. The play contains an account of the raajasuuya sacrifice performed by Pushyamitra, and a rather tiresome exposition of a theory on music and acting. It is not a play of the first order. Vikramorvashi (Urvashii won by Valour), a drama of the troTaka class relating how king Pururavas rescues the nymph Urvashii from the demons. Summoned by Indra he is obliged to part from her. The fourth act on the madness of Pururavas is unique. Apart from the extraordinary soliloquy of the demented lover in search of his beloved, it contains several verses in Prakrit. After many trials the lovers are reunited in a happy ending. Meghaduuta (Cloud Messenger): the theme of this long lyrical poem is a message sent by an exiled yaksha in Central India to his wife in the Himalayas, his envoy being a megha or cloud. Its beautiful descriptions of nature and the delicate expressions of love in which passion is purified and desire ennobled, likewise won the admiration of Goethe. Raghuvamsha (Raghu's genealogy), a mahaakavya, regarded by Indian critics as Kalidasa's best work, treats of the life of Rama, together with a record of his ancestors and descendants. There are many long descriptions, large parts of which are contrived and artificial. Only one king in this pious dynasty fails to come up to the ideal standard, namely, Agnivarna. Rituu-samhaara, (Seasonal Cycle), a poem describing the six seasons of the year in all their changing aspects. Kumaara-sambhava (Kumaara's Occasioning), usually translated `The Birth of the War-god', a mahaakavya relating how Parvati won the love of Siva in order to bring into the world Kumara (i.e. Karttikeya) the god of war to destroy the demon Taraka. The last few cantos are usually omitted from printed versions, being of an excessively erotic nature. This is especially true of Canto VIII where the embraces of the newly-wedded divine couple are dwelled upon in vivid detail. Great as Kalidasa was, it has been observed that he had his literary weaknesses. He showed no interest in the social problems of his day; his plays do not reflect the tumultuous times in which he lived; he felt no sympathy for the lot of the common man; his work is overburdened with description, and is sentimental, wordy and at times coarse. Within his range he was unsurpassed by any of the dramatists who wrote in the Sanskrit language, but this does not amount to much, for the general standard of Sanskrit drama is not on a par with the best elsewhere. Comparing his works with those of the Persians, Arabs, Greeks and Europeans, and by the same strict standards of criticism, Max Muller declares, `Kalidasa's plays are not superior to many plays that have been allowed to rest in dust and peace on the shelves of our libraries'.

 

                                                महात्मा गाँधी 

महात्मा गाँधी भारत के राष्ट्रपिता है। उसका पूरा नाम मोहनदास करमचंद गाँधी है। उनके पिता का नाम करमचंद गाँधी है। उनके माता का नाम पुतलीभाई है। उनका जन्म गुजरात के पोरबंदर में हुआ था। दक्षिण अफ्रीका जाने के बाद उनके जीवन में सत्य और अहिंसा का जन्म हुआ। इस सत्य और अहिंसा के द्वारा उन्होने सन १९१५ से लेकर सन १९४७ तक भारत कि स्वाधीनता का संग्राम लड़ा तथा और  उसमे विजय प्रार्पत किया। सेवा ही उनका धर्म रहा था। इसलिए जीवन का कोई क्षेत्र ऐसे नहीं था जिसमे वह पराजित रहा। गाँधी  जी भारत को अपना जीवन मानता था।  उन्होने हिन्दू ,मुस्लिम और एकता के लिए अपना जीवन लगा दिया था तथा भारत केलिए अपने   प्राप्त   दे दी। 

SREELAKSHMI.K.G

VII 

                             MY SISTER

( Dedicated to my sweet and lovely SIS!!!)

An innocent cute angel sent by the god

At the doors of mine

With love beyond limits

With care more than bonhomie

A boon sent to overcome any hex

An epitome of patience and sympathy

With cheeks chubbier than anything else

Protects me with Herculean strength.

Rejoys me with her innocent japes

Encourages me in my heydays

And is the best miracle with ever took place 

by Aditi Singh

केवि माहि साहित्य समिति में आपका स्वागत है।

         आज ब्लॉग के बारे में चर्चा हुई                

മലയാള ദിനം 2013- മലയാള കവിതാലാപനം ഒന്നാം സ്ഥാനം

                               നൈക പത്മനാഭന്‍                                                     

The Magic of nature

Look! How beautiful is the nature

The Sun, Moon, Stars and the chirp of birds.

I like stars the most

They shine at night.

The Sun gives us light in the day

The Moon gives us light in the night.

Sometimes, beautiful Rainbow is seen in the sky

It has seven colours.

Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, 

Yellow, Orange and Red.

It is called VIBGYOR.

Look! How beautiful is the nature.

                            

                         

                                                         Nanda.S.Kurup

                                                                 V std         

sunita Williams was born in Euclid, Ohio, to Indian American neuroanatomist Deepak Pandya and Slovene American Ursuline Pandya (née Zalokar), who have three children and reside in Falmouth, Massachusetts

. Sunita is the youngest of three siblings, her brother Jay Thomas is four years olde Bonnie r and her sister Dina Anna is three years older




by avanthika

A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem.

Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit that can change the order of operations based on stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved.

The first electronic digital computers were developed between 1940 and 1945. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs).^[1] In this era mechanical analog computers were used for military applications.

Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space.^[2] Simple computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and mobile computers can be powered by small batteries. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as “computers.” However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.

                                     by;avanthika.rajesh

^{Ganesha Chaturthi is the Hindu festival celebrated on the birthday (rebirth) of Lord Ganesha, the son of Shiva and Parvati.It is believed that Lord Ganesh bestows his presence on earth for all his devotees during this festival. It is the day Shiva declared his son Ganesha as superior to all the gods, barring Vishnu, Lakshmi, Shiva and Parvati. Ganesha is widely worshipped as the god of wisdom, prosperity and good fortune and traditionally invoked at the beginning of any new venture or at the start of travel. The festival, also known as Ganeshotsav ("festival of Ganesha") is observed in the Hindu calendarmonth of Bhaadrapada, starting on the shukla chaturthi (fourth day of the waxing moon period). The date usually falls between 19 August and 20 September. The festival lasts for 10 days, ending on Anant Chaturdashi (fourteenth day of the waxing moon period).}
 

^{While celebrated all over India, it is most elaborate in Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Outside India, it is celebrated widely in Nepal and by Hindus in the United States, Canada, Mauritius,[1] Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, Fiji, Trinidad & Tobago, and Guyana}

^{by;avanthika.rajesh}

Children's Day is recognized on various days in many places around the world, to honor children globally. It was first proclaimed by the World Conference for the Well-being of Children in 1925 and then established universally in 1954 to protect an "appropriate" day.^[1] Major global variants include a Universal Children's Dayon November 20, by United Nations recommendation.^[2]

Children's Day is often celebrated on other days as well. International Day for Protection of Children, observed in many countries as Children's Day on June 1 since 1950, was established by the Women's International Democratic Federation on its congress in Moscow (22 November 1949).

BY;AVANTHIKA.RAJESH

                              In many countries, Teachers' Days (or Teachers Day) are intended to be special days for the appreciation of teachers, and may include celebrations to Honor them for their special contributions in a particular field area, or the community in general. The date on which Teachers' day is celebrated varies from country to country. Teachers' days are distinct from World Teachers' Day which is officially celebrated across the world on October 5.^[1]

   ^{BY:SREELAKSHMI.H}

                        CRISTMAS

Christmas is an annual commemoration of the birth of Jesus Christ^[6][7] and a widely observedholiday, celebrated generally on December 25^[3][4][5] by millions of people around the world.^[2][8] A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it closes the Advent season and initiates the twelve days of Christmastide, which ends after the twelfth night.^[9] Christmas is a civil holiday in many of the world's nations,^[10][11][12] is celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians,^[1][13][14] and is an integral part of the Christmas and holiday season.

While the birth year of Jesus is estimated among modern historians to have been between 7 and 2 BC, the exact month and day of his birth are unknown.^[15][16] His birth is mentioned in two of the four canonical gospels. By the early-to-mid 4th century, the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25,^[17] a date later adopted in the East.^[18][19] The date of Christmas may have initially been chosen to correspond with the day exactly nine months after early Christians believed Jesus to have been conceived,^[20] or with one or more ancient polytheistic festivals that occurred near southern solstice (i.e., the Roman winter solstice); a further solar connection has been suggested because of a biblical verse^[a]identifying Jesus as the "Sun of righteousness".^{[20][21][22][23][24]}

The original date of the celebration in Eastern Christianity was January 6, in connection with Epiphany, and that is still the date of the celebration for the Armenian Apostolic Church and in Armenia, where it is a public holiday. As of 2013, there is a difference of 13 days between the modern Gregorian calendar and the older Julian calendar. Those who continue to use the Julian calendar or its equivalents thus celebrate December 25 and January 6, which on the Gregorian calendar translate as January 7 and January 19. For this reason, Ethiopia, Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Serbia, the Republic of Macedonia, and the Republic of Moldova celebrate Christmas on what in the Gregorian calendar is January 7. Eastern Orthodox Churches in Bulgaria,Greece, Romania, Antioch, Alexandria, Albania, Finland, and the Orthodox Church in America celebrate Christmas on December 25 in the revised Julian calendar, corresponding to December 25 also in the Gregorian calendar.

The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian, Christian, and secular themes and origins.^[25]Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift giving, Christmas music and caroling, an exchange of Christmas cards, church celebrations, aspecial meal, and the display of various Christmas decorations, including Christmas trees, Christmas lights, nativity scenes, garlands, wreaths,mistletoe, and holly. In addition, several closely related and often interchangeable figures, known as Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, and Christkind, are associated with bringing gifts to children during the Christmas season and have their own body of traditions and lore.^[26] Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival involve heightened economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has become a significant event and a key sales period for retailers and businesses. The economic impact of Christmas is a factor that has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world.

                                BY:SREELAKSHMI.H